undermining the GCC Railway’s

The planned Friendship Bridge between Bahrain and Qatar remains at pre-construction stages. Oman is yet to break ground on its 2,135 km national railway network. Most cross-border segments—including Saudi-Qatar, Saudi-Kuwait, Qatar-Bahrain, and Bahrain-Saudi—remain either in early planning or stalled, undermining the GCC Railway’s goal of seamless regional integration. While the strategic logic of the Gulf Railway is robust, the project has faced prolonged delays due to a mix of conceptual, political, and financial challenges. Conceptually, the Gulf Railway’s supranational nature requires intense policy harmonisation, including customs, regulations, technical standards, and border control agreements—none of which have kept pace with construction. For example, questions remain around who will operate the trains across national borders สล็อตเว็บตรง